AC
AC-coupled
Solar and battery each have their own inverter and meet on the AC side of the installation.
Typically consideredOften considered when adding storage to an existing solar installation.
Our technology
Inside a
storage system.
A battery energy storage system is far more than batteries. Explore the layers that work together — and the engineering thinking that connects them.
Concept imagery
01Anatomy of a storage system
Six layers.
One system.
Select a layer to see where it sits and what it does.
01 · Cells
Where energy is stored
Lithium cells are the foundation of every system. Cell chemistry, format and quality shape what the rest of the system needs to do — so cell selection comes first.
- Chemistry and format chosen for the application
- Grouped into modules for structure and serviceability
- Consistency between cells matters as much as capacity
02 · Battery management
The system’s nervous system
A battery management system (BMS) monitors cells and modules, balances them and protects the battery by acting when conditions move outside safe limits.
- Monitors voltage, current and temperature
- Balances cells to keep them working together
- Triggers protective actions when needed
03 · Thermal management
Keeping temperature in range
Batteries prefer a comfortable temperature. Thermal design — airflow, heat paths and, in some systems, active cooling or heating — keeps cells within their intended range.
- Considered at cell, module and enclosure level
- Designed for the intended operating environment
- Supports consistent long-term behaviour
04 · Enclosure & protection
The protective shell
The enclosure protects the system from its surroundings and the surroundings from the system — with structure, ingress protection, isolation and safe service access.
- Structure, sealing and safe access
- Electrical protection and isolation
- Suited to the installation location
05 · Power conversion
From DC to usable power
Batteries store direct current (DC). An inverter or power conversion system (PCS) converts between DC and the alternating current (AC) used by buildings and the grid.
- Converts between battery DC and site AC
- Controls charge and discharge power
- Coordinates with solar generation and the grid
06 · Monitoring & energy management
The intelligence on top
Monitoring makes the system visible; an energy management system (EMS) decides when to charge and discharge based on the site’s goals, tariffs and conditions.
- Visibility of state and energy flows
- Rules for when to store and when to supply
- Insight for maintenance and optimisation
02Solar + storage integration
AC-coupled or DC-coupled?
Both have their place.
There are two common ways to connect storage with solar generation. The right choice depends on the site, the existing equipment and the project goals — and is confirmed per project.
DC
DC-coupled
Solar and battery share the DC side, with one hybrid inverter converting energy for the site.
Typically consideredOften considered for new installations where solar and storage are designed together.
03What storage can do
One battery.
Many roles.
The same hardware can serve very different purposes. Defining the role is the first step of every project.
Self-consumption
Store surplus solar during the day and use it later, instead of exporting it.
Backup power
Support selected essential loads during grid interruptions, where the system design allows.
Peak management
Supply energy at times of high demand to help manage peaks in consumption.
Off-grid & remote
Provide stored energy where grid access is limited or unavailable, as part of a complete design.
04Engineering principles
How we think
about technology.
Four principles guide every LIVONUS engineering decision.
Safety-led design
Protection, isolation and safe behaviour shape the architecture from the first sketch.
System thinking
Cells, conversion, controls and the site are designed as one connected system.
Modular architecture
Building blocks that can be configured to the site and extended as needs grow.
Lifecycle thinking
Installation, operation, service and end-of-life are considered from the start.
05Glossary
Storage, in
plain language.
Key terms you will meet in any storage conversation.
- kWh and kW
- Kilowatt-hours (kWh) measure energy — how much a battery can store. Kilowatts (kW) measure power — how fast energy can flow in or out.
- BMS
- Battery management system: monitors, balances and protects the cells and modules in a battery.
- PCS / inverter
- Power conversion system: converts between the battery’s direct current and the alternating current used on site.
- EMS
- Energy management system: decides when to charge and discharge based on the site’s goals and conditions.
- State of charge (SoC)
- How full the battery is, expressed as a percentage of its usable energy.
- Depth of discharge (DoD)
- How much of the battery’s energy is used in a cycle, as a percentage.
- C-rate
- The rate of charge or discharge relative to the battery’s capacity — a way to compare power and energy.
- Round-trip efficiency
- The share of energy put into a battery that can be taken back out, after conversion and storage losses.
Let’s take the next step
Let’s build a
brighter tomorrow.
A battery system. A solar project. A new partnership. Bring your requirements and let the next chapter begin.